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The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unterm.un.org/dgaacs/unterm.nsf/c2f5f1ea9d52ce7485256dc5006e5940/a7c582eab561fa3f852573b600767fad/$FILE/Italy.pdf )〕 (Italian: ''Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri della Repubblica Italiana''), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. Prior to the establishment of the Italian Republic, the title was historically literally called "President of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of Italy" (''Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri del Regno d'Italia''). From 1925 to 1943 during the Fascist regime, the position was transformed into the dictatorial position of "Head of the Government, Prime Minister Secretary of State"〔(Law of 24 December 1925, No. 2263 - Attribuzioni e prerogative del capo del governo, primo ministro segretario di Stato )〕 held by Benito Mussolini, Duce of Fascism, who officially governed on the behalf of the King of Italy. King Victor Emmanuel III removed Mussolini from office in 1943 and the position was restored with Marshal Pietro Badoglio becoming Prime Minister in 1943. Alcide De Gasperi became the first Prime Minister of the Italian Republic in 1946. The prime minister is the President of the Council of Ministers—which holds effective executive power— and he must receive a vote of approval from it to execute most political activities. The office is similar to those in most other parliamentary systems, but the leader of the Italian government is not authorized to request the dissolution of the Parliament of Italy. Another difference with similar offices is that the overall political responsibility for intelligence is vested in the President of the Council of Ministers. By virtue of that, the Prime Minister has exclusive power to: Coordinate intelligence policies, determining the financial resources and strengthening national cyber security; Apply and protect State secrets; Authorize agents to carry out operations, in Italy or abroad, in violation of the law.〔(About Us )〕 The office was established by Articles 92 through to 96 of the current Constitution of Italy. The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic after each general election. Commonly referred to in Italy as ''premier'', the right title of the office holder is ''Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri'', or just ''Presidente del Consiglio''. The formal Italian order of precedence lists the office as being ceremonially the fourth most important Italian state office. == Functions == In addition to powers inherent in being a member of the cabinet, the prime minister holds specific powers, most notably being able to nominate a list of cabinet ministers to be appointed by the President of the Republic and the countersigning of all legislative instruments having the force of law that are signed by the President of the Republic. Article 95 of the Italian constitution provides that "the prime minister directs and coordinates the activity of the ministers". This power has been used to a quite variable extent in the history of the Italian state, as it is strongly influenced by the political strength of individual ministers and thus by the parties they represent. Often the Prime Minister's activity consists more in mediating between the various parties in the majority coalition, rather than directing the activity of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister's supervisory power is further limited by the lack of any formal authority to fire ministers, although a cabinet reshuffle (''rimpasto''), or sometimes even an 'individual vote of no confidence' on the part of Parliament, may in practice provide a surrogate measure. As the "President of the Council of Ministers" the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet (the Council of Minister). In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands the majority in the Parliament. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prime Minister of Italy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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